RUNES

Introduction to Runes

The Origins and History of Runes

Runes have a mysterious and enchanting past that winds its way through centuries of human history. Although our understanding of their precise origins is limited, most scholars agree that runes first emerged among the Germanic tribes of Northern Europe around 150 to 200 CE.

These early alphabetic scripts, or "futharks" as they're commonly called, derive their name from the first six runes: Fehu, Uruz, Thurisaz, Ansuz, Raido, and Kaunan. Each symbol or "rune" in the futhark represents not only a sound, but also a particular idea or concept. Runes were used for writing, but they were also powerful symbols that were believed to harbor magical properties.

Historical evidence shows that runes were primarily carved into wood, stone, or metal objects, and the messages they conveyed often ranged from the mundane to the mystical. From simple property markings to elaborate tomb inscriptions, runes were a versatile tool for communication and expression.

Different Rune Systems: Elder Futhark, Younger Futhark, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc

Over time, the use of runes spread across Europe, and distinct regional variants began to emerge. The three most prominent runic systems include the Elder Futhark, the Younger Futhark, and the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc.

The Elder Futhark, consisting of 24 runes, is the oldest and most universally recognized runic system. Its usage dates from the 2nd to 8th centuries. The Elder Futhark has a one-to-one correspondence with phonemes, and each rune represents a distinct sound and concept.

The Younger Futhark emerged around the 8th century and was in common use throughout Scandinavia until the 12th century. The Younger Futhark includes 16 runes, simplified from the Elder Futhark, reflecting changes in the spoken language.

The Anglo-Saxon Futhorc is a variant of the runic alphabet that was used from the 5th to 12th centuries by the Anglo-Saxons. It expanded the Elder Futhark system to 33 runes, adapting it to the Old English language, with several runes added to represent sounds unique to English.

The Meanings and Representations of Individual Runes

Each rune within these systems carries a wealth of meaning, both phonetic and symbolic. For instance, in the Elder Futhark, "Fehu," the first rune, represents the sound "F" and symbolizes wealth or cattle. Likewise, "Uruz," the second rune, corresponds to "U" and symbolizes strength or a wild ox.

Understanding the essence of each rune is crucial for effective rune reading. Runes are not merely letters; they are symbols embodying complex ideas and archetypes. When consulting the runes, one must decipher not just the superficial 'letter' meaning, but also delve into the layers of ancient wisdom and symbolism each rune encompasses.

How to Use and Care for Your Runes

Respect and mindful treatment are at the heart of using runes. When you obtain a rune set, it is essential to cleanse and consecrate it first. This process varies but often involves washing the runes in saltwater, passing them through smoke of a cleansing herb like sage, and imbuing them with your energy through meditation.

Runes are typically stored in a special bag, ideally one you've made or chosen specifically for this purpose. Many practitioners also recommend storing them with a quartz crystal to keep their energy clear.

When casting runes, it's common to shake them in their bag while focusing on your question, then draw them out one at a time. Some people cast the entire set onto a cloth, known as a casting cloth, and interpret the runes that land face up.

After a reading, it's crucial to thank the runes and return them to their bag. Some practitioners also cleanse them after each use, especially when addressing heavy or negative issues.

In the following chapters, we will delve deeper into the ways to use and consult runes, from basic to complex rune spreads, and the art of creating bind runes. By understanding and respecting the deep history and varied systems of runes, you'll be equipped to embark on a journey of insight and personal transformation through these powerful symbols.